Advisory & Legal Interpretation

ROC compliance for a private limited company means filing an annual return and financial statements with the Registrar each year, and filing again whenever a director, the registered office or share capital changes. Directors file a KYC intimation once every three financial years, not annually. Late filing attracts a daily additional fee that accumulates until the filing is made.

An LLP files an annual return and a statement of account and solvency each year, on a cycle of its own that does not match a company's. Audit is not required unless turnover or contribution crosses the threshold in the LLP Rules. Event-based filings apply when partners or the agreement change.

An LLP must have its accounts audited once either turnover or partner contribution crosses the limit set in the LLP Rules. Both tests apply, and crossing either one triggers the audit. Below both, the LLP may file unaudited accounts with a statement signed by the designated partners.

The report carries the auditor's opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view, together with the specific matters the Companies Act requires an auditor to report on. Any qualification, reservation or adverse remark must be stated and explained. It is signed by the appointed statutory auditor.

A secretarial auditor appointment is required by every listed company and by public companies crossing the paid-up capital or turnover thresholds prescribed under the Companies Act. The auditor must be a practising company secretary, and the report is annexed to the Board's report. The appointment is made by the Board.

Companies managing this alongside their other filings often use secretarial and company-law compliance software.

This is a different question from whether a company needs an audit. It refers to the ceiling on how many company audits a single chartered accountant may accept and sign in a financial year, set under the Companies Act and the ICAI's own guidelines. Partners in a firm count individually.

SEBI amends the Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements Regulations several times a year, and which obligations change depends on your class of listed entity. Because this answer ages faster than any other on the page, it carries a visible "last reviewed" date and is checked against SEBI's current amendment list each quarter.